An appraisal of neurocognitive factors influencing Efik language processing in Calabar
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Background of the Study
Neurocognitive factors play a pivotal role in how languages are processed, and Efik, spoken in Calabar, presents a unique case for study due to its rich oral tradition and complex linguistic structure. Recent investigations into language processing have highlighted that factors such as attention, working memory, and neural connectivity significantly influence how individuals process language (Mfon, 2023). In Calabar, Efik language processing is influenced by both traditional oral practices and modern educational paradigms. Neuroimaging studies have begun to reveal how these cognitive processes interact with language processing regions in the brain, providing insights into the underlying neural mechanisms (Akpan, 2024). Additionally, the interplay between cognitive load and linguistic complexity in Efik, characterized by tonal variations and idiomatic expressions, poses intriguing questions regarding the efficiency of neural processing pathways (Ekong, 2025). This study aims to appraise the neurocognitive factors that affect Efik language processing by integrating behavioral assessments with neuroimaging data. It will explore how variables such as attention span, working memory capacity, and processing speed contribute to language comprehension and production, thereby advancing our understanding of Efik language dynamics in a rapidly evolving cultural context.
Statement of the Problem
Although there is growing interest in neurocognitive aspects of language processing, Efik language remains underrepresented in empirical research. Existing studies have largely focused on more widely spoken languages, and the unique neurocognitive challenges of Efik—such as its tonal complexity and rich idiomatic usage—are often overlooked (Mfon, 2023). The lack of context-specific neuroimaging data limits our ability to fully understand the cognitive processes that underpin Efik language comprehension and production. Consequently, there is a need for systematic investigation into how neurocognitive factors affect Efik processing in Calabar. Addressing this gap is critical for developing more effective educational and language intervention strategies that are culturally and cognitively informed (Akpan, 2024; Ekong, 2025).
Objectives of the Study:
1. To assess the influence of attention and working memory on Efik language processing.
2. To identify neural correlates associated with processing Efik’s tonal and idiomatic features.
3. To develop recommendations for enhancing Efik language comprehension strategies.
Research Questions:
1. Which neurocognitive factors most significantly influence Efik language processing?
2. How do tonal and idiomatic complexities affect neural activation patterns?
3. What cognitive strategies can improve Efik language comprehension?
Significance of the Study :
This study is significant as it offers a comprehensive evaluation of the neurocognitive factors influencing Efik language processing in Calabar. The insights gained will enrich theoretical models of language processing and inform practical interventions in language education and preservation. The research has the potential to enhance Efik language pedagogy and support culturally tailored cognitive development programs (Mfon, 2023; Akpan, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to examining neurocognitive factors in Efik language processing in Calabar, focusing on behavioral assessments and neuroimaging techniques without extending to other languages.
Definitions of Terms:
• Neurocognitive Factors: Brain-based processes that influence cognition and language processing.
• Efik: A language spoken in Calabar with distinctive tonal and idiomatic features.
• Language Processing: The cognitive processes involved in comprehending and producing language.
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